xmrchain.net & Explore.Moneroworld.com

(no javascript - no cookies - no web analytics trackers - no images - open sourced)

Solo mine on your own blockchain to support the monero network!

Monero Block Frequency Tool || Monero Website || Make Monero Better!

Monero Testnet Explorer || Monero Stagenet Explorer

i2p links: exchanged.i2p , Local Monero (lm.i2p)

Why so ugly? Monero FAQ

Moneroblocks Explorer || Monerohash explorer || Map of Monero Network

For a pretty version of this explorer with javascript. NOTE - this doesn't work when I turn the API off. And it is currently off.

Where's the API?

NOTE: This explorer actively tests beta software in production. If it crashes, hooray! We found a bug! Please find a backup explorer for these instances.

The most up to date software for Monero are version: CLI v0.18.3.4, GUI v0.18.3.4

If you need to use a remote node, you should set up your own.

High Fee Bug. Remote nodes can increase your tx fees. Double check before sending. Run your own node.

Autorefresh is ON (10 s)

Tx hash: 293dca6919f62a55def1f026a93269db2c64d57e6697bc1ee01abd7443cbd477

Tx prefix hash: c7c9a6b37eea9190f15a386c0dfabdccc982ec0044e1f00c6e53287abe27c156
Tx public key: 289bc317764d94c2ca0ee11a79a041a90529858edfef565fd473b165aa489c17
Payment id: 329e33b2a737d98fa15bf7196a7854f0e1a714b0ef96c59c4a31a4ae097bb83e
Timestamp: 1552039803 Timestamp [UTC]: 2019-03-08 10:10:03 Age [y:d:h:m:s]: 05:272:12:27:55
Block: 1169801 Fee (per_kB): 0.000383450000 (0.000046805674) Tx size: 8.1924 kB
Tx version: 2 No of confirmations: 1469739 RingCT/type: yes/4
Extra: 022100329e33b2a737d98fa15bf7196a7854f0e1a714b0ef96c59c4a31a4ae097bb83e01289bc317764d94c2ca0ee11a79a041a90529858edfef565fd473b165aa489c17

2 output(s) for total of ? xmr

stealth address amount amount idx tag
00: 82d4584b4c76fa5f0d35fe939c5268157b6e38ed273cecadfcce73bf04c719a3 ? 467583 of 6663994 -
01: 4b2536768ab1521aaf7e67d1609720673055123a145798310fab1d216e98fca0 ? 467584 of 6663994 -

Check which outputs belong to given Monero address/subaddress and viewkey

For RingCT transactions, outputs' amounts are also decoded
Note: address/subaddress and viewkey are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Prove to someone that you have sent them Monero in this transaction

Tx private key can be obtained using get_tx_key command in monero-wallet-cli command line tool
Note: address/subaddress and tx private key are sent to the server, as the calculations are done on the server side



Inputs' ring size time scale (from 2017-05-24 08:57:12 till 2019-03-08 10:42:05; resolution: 3.84 days)

  • |___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*______**_*___*|
  • |___________________*_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_***|
  • |_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*______*_____*__***|
  • |______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*___________________*___****|
  • |__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_________*_**____*__***|
  • |_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_________________________*____*__*_*|
  • |_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*______*__*_____**__*|
  • |_*______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________*_____**_*|
  • |___________________________________________________*_______________________________________________________________________________________________________*_________**__*|

9 input(s) for total of ? xmr

key image 00: f5619f8a6f1ca19c38a07ee93587f619a508830e42c97d136f096242a3f6f553 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: e853e2d5127b8b95f82c10b24538e29a18cbd2cc0b8b50b36050fe6f93b83212 01129954 11 13/2 2019-01-11 23:15:52 05:327:23:22:06
- 01: 05cac82a1a1331da4db0eb77ee6a97ea83fc5f4d2c15913221e8ab25ae7f3d87 01147477 0 0/1 2019-02-06 00:46:08 05:302:21:51:50
- 02: 6d62ea68eb4ca96ad32861ca32e834e0599dcc272050447403dffd92e3f46785 01150545 0 0/1 2019-02-10 07:31:45 05:298:15:06:13
- 03: 51978e5b47f0bf9bbde36544cb7122859e0d030027a4de763857df35a9e1775b 01152275 0 0/1 2019-02-12 19:27:58 05:296:03:10:00
- 04: be8c4acbd6a1bff8d5dddb188f0442ac2578d58e1ee86fc0ee0a6d18edfeda69 01156817 0 0/1 2019-02-19 18:03:08 05:289:04:34:50
- 05: 691d8ee809924ad2e0613e7d68cf3294acb8c4ed406fe960e06e55993cf28f62 01168529 0 0/1 2019-03-06 18:25:05 05:274:04:12:53
- 06: 3c4c6fd1be28202c9b111c2d1f5e7157a1f742c872d1194305095b99dbd768c1 01168610 0 0/1 2019-03-07 00:03:38 05:273:22:34:20
- 07: 6ca28e5adc3294f5e129f0ca3457dd894245d63cbf213b4c7f451a4f7d6a1693 01168792 0 0/1 2019-03-07 08:01:51 05:273:14:36:07
- 08: e071b09c03019abb4b2f4bbc52d8be617fce0739575272622e132e9c40293aab 01169504 0 0/1 2019-03-07 22:00:24 05:273:00:37:34
- 09: 6ba30acad0826610eb2d7bb8c1917511a77565f516773885d4266ded4b9b3225 01169655 0 0/1 2019-03-08 07:03:00 05:272:15:34:58
- 10: 9898dfaf2a16b53678b2eb6347615014c064c7951d10138a6d73b645611d1be9 01169733 0 0/1 2019-03-08 08:48:03 05:272:13:49:55
key image 01: e138dc6d1d7f4b54f2c74ff20c6c29a1e5c2a16cf8d23354d99feb5a32ce0137 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 22ade262462820f804acc257a8555db06ad1be7c443f6afebfea2c2a42441ab0 00968590 0 0/1 2017-08-04 05:57:45 07:123:16:40:13
- 01: 0ede950a4e97bd93c22980bc977a3e8e4838bcf5992f95a1c7c106585cac5806 01157697 0 0/1 2019-02-20 22:46:03 05:287:23:51:55
- 02: 3b15f17564edd557af9a5a049f5fb57c6ba121b937527787c0d05a61b3b37659 01161452 0 0/1 2019-02-25 10:24:57 05:283:12:13:01
- 03: 7fe6ae529c4571938b5c949738fa6d310c743eac5ce4495c16b467c8301d7754 01166321 0 0/1 2019-03-04 04:24:41 05:276:18:13:17
- 04: c180c58a8ea45f72c8fed7c9ff228a8b7aa51c50110c5d09ab7f4fc949868120 01166404 0 0/1 2019-03-04 06:14:53 05:276:16:23:05
- 05: 477577fa1153288ca71fb8e308473be38e72df49051287eaa89896febefbdb24 01168464 0 0/1 2019-03-06 16:07:16 05:274:06:30:42
- 06: babe0c8b90e5fb0bc4db7a374757f379e0116cdf0279e32268c673f0d12b2e63 01168491 0 0/1 2019-03-06 17:15:55 05:274:05:22:03
- 07: d172fba7972d022d5e518de2c3e75a4c432fecd73c225b166bb501bc0fc05a0c 01168757 0 0/1 2019-03-07 06:26:48 05:273:16:11:10
- 08: 37ae64d3a0cc9ae66c21bfa58064e1d27837b5921d799ecafc899d19f95490b5 01168982 0 0/1 2019-03-07 11:25:33 05:273:11:12:25
- 09: 26f990f7a8bf6952c058c1aa4afeb9c4e7372963a3b9f5083e626472b9784187 01169557 0 0/1 2019-03-08 02:24:48 05:272:20:13:10
- 10: 132e1507e15c7716f3448bce70259819542da1ebf22fc3d1774ad6ed8553830b 01169695 0 0/1 2019-03-08 08:03:40 05:272:14:34:18
key image 02: 97d0601c8e935e908fe7048d08d2a7f891e45f412d0a54b7d61c0b52758e4f34 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 0afe059e4e3372b323d2d9c56be098a7735443bb4ff2cabffeb56671ca4701ab 01119099 0 0/1 2018-12-27 21:09:45 05:343:01:28:13
- 01: f886fb915ca5f9335783eb6d238412f486cd154488f0791c39909af4cbfd6080 01138273 0 0/1 2019-01-23 14:33:10 05:316:08:04:48
- 02: ca6ce9b5dd181c6f37e4b47c9f76fc088888ebe07bc5a1ea4a81a1c5ea16e524 01153850 0 0/1 2019-02-15 02:22:26 05:293:20:15:32
- 03: 8f046737b78b0aa9b5386ee3fd0eb3b073d4eb1bb13704cc4714aabe4592c8cd 01163676 0 0/1 2019-02-28 17:04:27 05:280:05:33:31
- 04: b0538ab410213f90597c2865a23214d1a613dffb8489ff1c988836a2aa3a25fa 01166209 0 0/1 2019-03-04 01:46:18 05:276:20:51:40
- 05: 6d39429ca9d28b43a7f2a156e3a3a4e043b30e8b750d557f0f52076cec5e05d4 01168638 0 0/1 2019-03-07 00:34:57 05:273:22:03:01
- 06: c9e98b89aa013785c1c445300ef4d54c5244c4f67c2826504db4297cfa68731b 01169237 0 0/1 2019-03-07 12:14:29 05:273:10:23:29
- 07: ca5e965af3a249dc66937e4b20fcf115d99c82999b38c581ba138043ad46be7a 01169332 0 0/1 2019-03-07 12:38:52 05:273:09:59:06
- 08: 0061563ab0b6ea4a2dad19e02d674bcb26b8a223be3d3297d2ae3fd0919d4fa0 01169528 0 0/1 2019-03-08 00:04:11 05:272:22:33:47
- 09: 12d59eab1a6d69e71ef301a65d72a5ad96b91d9f95d4144a94fd4762e86c3f80 01169561 0 0/1 2019-03-08 02:31:45 05:272:20:06:13
- 10: 8ea209f156fe3513ebca9fd0f578ec7b3ff44ac9b92659fd3726189d85675991 01169704 0 0/1 2019-03-08 08:09:54 05:272:14:28:04
key image 03: 920591cdd9187abf4f59551d72991cdfee398f2eb42b84db88bc8a645216edbd amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: eefc6cabe7475edeff26c7fe8706837ae42c3f0a7319a92a76224a0b944125f0 01095481 0 0/1 2018-11-22 01:45:12 06:013:20:52:46
- 01: b2b9ba2e8f4dae5cbcc6689864e8b7c301ddd2d2b77cd49b76063b0219b0f239 01149546 0 0/1 2019-02-08 21:20:00 05:300:01:17:58
- 02: 87e6d4c935f8a2865680777cbfa10521f1bcb56ad772c59ac478ae6c5fda557b 01160315 0 0/1 2019-02-23 22:34:02 05:285:00:03:56
- 03: 4db8f222043d7e4c77056bb10f11ad65f13ce7911861520f73049a54b048525c 01163442 0 0/1 2019-02-28 07:36:27 05:280:15:01:31
- 04: a96b46de7c15f3c261c56e4d38a69ec4aecd420939dfbc39b4fa15539010a9f4 01164891 0 0/1 2019-03-02 04:40:38 05:278:17:57:20
- 05: 2d8d33cdb48b8842469049865ae10d50c0820ddd7da2d11d5974e4c75618c86d 01167894 0 0/1 2019-03-06 02:33:37 05:274:20:04:21
- 06: eb01680981b4817c1ef1f6d97180f2e1abf4e25e15e35cf0cb32d7d6a97fe35a 01169550 0 0/1 2019-03-08 01:45:30 05:272:20:52:28
- 07: ddd66e1fab18f1c575878157ab6b7df6bc5bdf6d7def739b91b42e66f3573660 01169594 0 0/1 2019-03-08 04:55:17 05:272:17:42:41
- 08: 9097b70a09c9c6f4558fd50b9217c81d227fa18547bf94aabebadfac7d368662 01169654 0 0/1 2019-03-08 07:01:27 05:272:15:36:31
- 09: 6ba30acad0826610eb2d7bb8c1917511a77565f516773885d4266ded4b9b3225 01169655 0 0/1 2019-03-08 07:03:00 05:272:15:34:58
- 10: 75a95652a6e128d4d6b8c9b776358ff73850bda187e017d85f0e3946020fae86 01169668 0 0/1 2019-03-08 07:31:23 05:272:15:06:35
key image 04: 8e04d7282e6fb554557d8e0ef811106f7d688e92216910f6d0c755fd9d6a805f amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 05c49e88b9edffd9d7c172f3827fd856e29b5c3fa62b27edd454164c874cbeab 01105479 0 0/1 2018-12-06 09:34:37 05:364:13:03:21
- 01: 27d78927005f533e366cd7a8b7aba00105cb332b70d548b3e4f648028bf39ec2 01132973 0 0/1 2019-01-15 22:15:37 05:324:00:22:21
- 02: dbd45062fedf7ef7c9ba4863525bd2824a3ab6cf809c74963263742996663874 01138383 0 0/1 2019-01-23 19:05:41 05:316:03:32:17
- 03: f02b4db9b246892c2a82ab2c14f76a8b0225e52ca2782b888863d87be1f2e4b4 01141122 0 0/1 2019-01-27 15:08:47 05:312:07:29:11
- 04: 1a92f938406f826f0fbf8a97f4ebd91a830dc95f1c88b803c2f2389af9ed505d 01152980 0 0/1 2019-02-13 17:55:12 05:295:04:42:46
- 05: ad52789318d52bdd0d2fb55f1f9311582683f954d4a7e155992507e40db1266d 01161886 0 0/1 2019-02-26 01:34:31 05:282:21:03:27
- 06: afa0e86d5fc5e12b8121fd1866fe9ddcc1f8ac3c63ecf918f2e123161274221e 01164431 0 0/1 2019-03-01 14:20:54 05:279:08:17:04
- 07: db68f89896f25da76314903307eb326ac416ef6e352ac4083caa995f7083ecb8 01168833 11 12/2 2019-03-07 10:07:08 05:273:12:30:50
- 08: bb36318559efa3ff265910be394f08fca1cf875d5803ebdb9da46d113ca5e1a2 01168979 0 0/1 2019-03-07 11:25:15 05:273:11:12:43
- 09: bd2a5431650dd92a3989d85aae96e0d3d480f5d69c692e26cba6b01c4575a71c 01169462 0 0/1 2019-03-07 19:31:53 05:273:03:06:05
- 10: 802a689ea92e5a9d0e5e9f94a1fe2071baa147dc496be0fa108ad2b7c274b1e5 01169597 0 0/1 2019-03-08 05:04:38 05:272:17:33:20
key image 05: 49584c0fa889dacf5583b14e1f1a5ae5e01b5ef65fff587fb85bfa5d5df1dde1 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 92c1d8c07cbe8970f3d4f3abd26bc486c7edc6c55521a97b0b3092eff24303df 01075246 0 0/1 2018-10-18 03:50:25 06:048:18:47:33
- 01: f911f76ce857837a86fdbd521b719571b2d44eef99685fa0ec91b17eb7dcf858 01139320 0 0/1 2019-01-25 06:41:23 05:314:15:56:35
- 02: 06af60ffee008660f4cb1cac9f933953b095dccfca419a33eb629e3288ab660e 01154128 0 0/1 2019-02-15 11:38:45 05:293:10:59:13
- 03: 39c4e1719715835b937a3424b8b7ed35342543f91b6e504310ac980b8fc1415d 01163344 0 0/1 2019-02-28 04:43:06 05:280:17:54:52
- 04: 8484764e1f21d110914356e87b3abdaa56fcac0c903637613f6091a578598995 01168118 0 0/1 2019-03-06 06:43:41 05:274:15:54:17
- 05: 6951706c661e8c49e50c1ad774a716b3ae39ce452aa6f33c713effd117f88d2a 01168922 0 0/1 2019-03-07 10:58:36 05:273:11:39:22
- 06: 3c9f2e5620a342f362be4eae1449d5fde8f3a678632def1b17209ad1b253e247 01169030 0 0/1 2019-03-07 11:34:35 05:273:11:03:23
- 07: 6145d28a0f718190db6de5e6e57f6a7b243e6bf28031b592a912f54d3e725d0e 01169074 0 0/1 2019-03-07 11:42:33 05:273:10:55:25
- 08: 24a10dabc880cc5d22a851ae274489b601db0fac44ae96e3faf48ac033d1473a 01169238 0 0/1 2019-03-07 12:14:35 05:273:10:23:23
- 09: 535e207df2152143d6c5ba214e07f641511edbdce4a8bd3ef010128f6b5e2d90 01169337 0 0/1 2019-03-07 12:39:47 05:273:09:58:11
- 10: a625a8232d0ca7c49e9372dc88748d3e8a8b9e89278e7c7162a78293fb161a4e 01169396 0 0/1 2019-03-07 12:56:02 05:273:09:41:56
key image 06: 30dcaaff0fcea418e86a52a5e499e2d3a9d8fdc7444c8a5288c92032a787da33 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: a7bf6e13876d840a95bd75f62a4e34298ac77208d1e906f365c1028ebdbcfd59 01115422 0 0/1 2018-12-20 15:36:10 05:350:07:01:48
- 01: db4356bfe3c70946af3abdcaca17b6b5267f20b762931bf4ebc21463ae60576c 01131874 0 0/1 2019-01-14 09:16:50 05:325:13:21:08
- 02: aba44b22204ea79aae71ca266504796bfdb86139db835d9c2bbd4b44bbeded98 01139621 0 0/1 2019-01-25 11:51:19 05:314:10:46:39
- 03: c2e90a951323ddf17edae7020260d66c1912b3d0afc70912f3df515cecfad311 01156080 0 0/1 2019-02-18 23:41:45 05:289:22:56:13
- 04: 7c9bd78e8d2a81cc9d0d047fe200f63347d3519e8e368a42b4785c9ff09d6dc7 01158079 0 0/1 2019-02-21 06:47:37 05:287:15:50:21
- 05: 1c7b1f25fa74c7b65436486fe9590b3124af18f635948c4ce28a04af777fd149 01166810 11 4/2 2019-03-04 18:43:57 05:276:03:54:01
- 06: 1c98b961b276c630af5427ab9d48ac32943b44b1ec3953996e737e8c582753cd 01168341 11 2/2 2019-03-06 12:16:42 05:274:10:21:16
- 07: 4f9133896f476e9a76e418a7835c31436ac9a6e7c904fe1f7e078a57e87ff379 01168700 0 0/1 2019-03-07 02:56:03 05:273:19:41:55
- 08: b040560dc7588f6399bea7fa792f86d38cf32c58a3a03805a64e1be3d0dc4cd1 01169534 0 0/1 2019-03-08 00:26:58 05:272:22:11:00
- 09: 19c235c360e8f38727495de42e665bad64ebef20acefe32bfe7e4659d6b57e87 01169611 0 0/1 2019-03-08 05:44:23 05:272:16:53:35
- 10: 31d42f939ff9345d831894159d30dbae0303cd9ef16f535911882e490bddb4a8 01169633 0 0/1 2019-03-08 06:14:46 05:272:16:23:12
key image 07: 25c859d0f70f4a1a5d4633a7c78d914678585bc7d5c53b2470aa7cac8777f233 amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 77b44c4eea40f087d5e014ae20dec537724ff08752638ce0a4d924e56c5fcbf6 00918063 0 0/1 2017-05-24 09:57:12 07:195:12:40:46
- 01: a1c498774fbf4dab8bdd39508fbe3c4193b87334bdcad49139eb640bc39f6b34 01142434 0 0/1 2019-01-29 23:58:13 05:309:22:39:45
- 02: 29dd62f307e3afa6e1e9fc06d4c0f38f5f27e93f68ff270940d34bdfee02add6 01159481 0 0/1 2019-02-22 23:10:06 05:285:23:27:52
- 03: ecf6644241204d56fecc6724a08039e2f5bf24da03d3114b24f0b3a25539dcab 01161348 0 0/1 2019-02-25 07:58:47 05:283:14:39:11
- 04: 29371bae277322274e93d446253e6040639b077a378a92c1f3f74a53ecb9cff7 01167850 0 0/1 2019-03-06 01:39:11 05:274:20:58:47
- 05: 91160fc4fc9865780618269a32442c363b11cf4940106121b89c5924ea857c93 01168444 0 0/1 2019-03-06 14:56:40 05:274:07:41:18
- 06: 82f891e1b084621afdf644e01e4f9f2c53ceb82e3e8da386ed8a2b699ef9917f 01168650 0 0/1 2019-03-07 00:45:22 05:273:21:52:36
- 07: f1094457100b45bc936a85aef476968e146e7b14e60e73d3d0057f3b8a01117f 01168794 0 0/1 2019-03-07 08:04:43 05:273:14:33:15
- 08: 5067aaddc56881b60b59a419294396cf08d937c84b3b9cda117704051ce1b5cf 01169468 0 0/1 2019-03-07 19:38:57 05:273:02:59:01
- 09: 0e72b24e5b36f42592bbccc1e5ea32915e4f405f1aaf69f949c17baeb19eff95 01169480 0 0/1 2019-03-07 19:58:39 05:273:02:39:19
- 10: 11c1fa1c32a5fdf1db368db6b485f3f142eea3830c4cf22d0f8b3717a9bc4cf5 01169498 0 0/1 2019-03-07 20:38:01 05:273:01:59:57
key image 08: 13eb44ddce24577f5364d9778ba7b26fbd3487fd0e9d26e4aa910d3f481877cd amount: ?
ring members blk ring size in/out timestamp age [y:d:h:m:s]
- 00: 6335fc9522bc39a50cd13e561fcfbe1582646f9004d9c54982ea7bc502077484 01052937 0 0/1 2017-12-04 04:35:20 07:001:18:02:38
- 01: 51644867543ef7c6a1811a16498e3fee4cf15fe15f779271db8f5b7b92161a35 01129482 0 0/1 2019-01-11 07:18:18 05:328:15:19:40
- 02: 7c804beee05f13bb474683785d5b32505d9ec79a1e35c457c5005f5e07703490 01156154 0 0/1 2019-02-19 02:09:23 05:289:20:28:35
- 03: 6ad81f040412fccc1fd12b0752ac8e2987551675e31962d7879e3cfb8af7f30a 01158214 0 0/1 2019-02-21 11:03:31 05:287:11:34:27
- 04: 1ef45859f69aa4669ef045c79f409592307e863189e0d925ac2ddb91d7bd272a 01169519 0 0/1 2019-03-07 23:44:26 05:272:22:53:32
- 05: b873ba3522364a19c5b08b1716c643768d1a31f7932895aaed8dfc6311af50a5 01169604 0 0/1 2019-03-08 05:21:21 05:272:17:16:37
- 06: 8d205874689c8dc983b2361356781443bf5ba479cbefe9b064da7f5dda1f0a30 01169621 0 0/1 2019-03-08 06:01:26 05:272:16:36:32
- 07: e5534ee0ae913bffcdd9325ab73b7d6755bb94c203d18356c16b4581ccfea051 01169659 0 0/1 2019-03-08 07:17:57 05:272:15:20:01
- 08: 2b689626403f8c87ff9404afd6a2518b1ad617e2993ebf0de9f85fea01eeaaf3 01169684 0 0/1 2019-03-08 07:47:38 05:272:14:50:20
- 09: 6d6c19dd3cff3823ff56fd4d81398d42cc827bcd8d2541a46d5075bb63a2c5d4 01169696 0 0/1 2019-03-08 08:03:57 05:272:14:34:01
- 10: c8809ee06851ac85d2dd81ba2eeff1dbd96715367a8c14f0b0590c4dc708d2f2 01169780 11 2/2 2019-03-08 09:42:05 05:272:12:55:53
More details
source code | explorer version (api): master-2023-03-28-d669720 (1.2)